PENGERTIAN,
RUMUS, CONTOH DAN MACAM MACAM TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS
Tenses adalah kata
kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa
(sekarang, waktu yang akan datang / besok, dan masa lampau).
Berikut
adalah macam-macam tenses beserta rumus, dan contohnya:
1. Simple Present Tense (Waktu sekarang sederhana)
Untuk
menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana.
a)
Rumus
Verbal
(+) S + V1 s/es + O
(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O…
(?) Do/Does + S + V…?
b)
Rumus
Nominal
(+) S + be(am, is, are) + Adj / Noun /
Adverb (disingkat ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA ?
·
Biasanya
menggunakan daily activity : Always, usually, often, seldom.
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Simple Present Tense:
(+) My father
goes to post office.
(-) My father does
not go to post office.
(?) Does your
father go to post office?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Simple Present Tense.
(+) Marcella is
a stronger woman.
(-) Marcella is
not a stronger woman.
(?) Is she a
stronger woman?
2. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung
sekarang)
Untuk sesuatu
yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.
a)
Rumus
Verbal
(+) S + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + be + not + V-ing + O
(?) Be + S + V-ing + O…
b)
Rumus
Nominal
(+) S + be (am, is, are) + Adj / Noun /
Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Present Continuous Tense:
(+) I am speaking english
(-) I am not speaking English
(?) am I speaking English?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Present Continuous Tense:
(+) He is
handsome.
(-) He is not
handsome.
(?) Is he
handsome?
3. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu sempurna sekarang)
Pola kalimat
yang terjadi pada masa lampau dan masih berpengaruh hingga sekarang.
a)
Rumus
Verbal:
(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O
(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O
(?) have/has + S + V3 + O
b)
Rumus
Nominal:
(+) S + have/has + to be 3 (been) + non
verb + O
(-) S + have/has + not + to be 3 + non
verb + O
(?) have/has + S + to be 3 + non verb +
O?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Tense:
(+) I have
finished my work.
(-) I have not
finished my homework.
(?) Have I finished
my homework?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Tense:
(+) She has been
here for 20 minutes.
(-) She has not
been here for 20 minutes.
(?) Has she been
here for 20 minutes?
4. Present Perfect Continuous (Waktu Berlangsung
Sempurna Sekarang)
Tindakan yang
dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. Tenses ini juga digunakan
untuk menceritakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lalu dan baru saja selesai.
a)
Rumus
Verbal:
(+)
S + have/has + been + V-ing + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing +
O + ANA
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O +
ANA
b)
Rumus
Nominal:
(+) S + has/have + been + ANA
(-) S + has/have + not + been + ANA
(?) Has/have + S + been + ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Continuous:
(+)He has been
studying for 3 hours.
(-) He has not been studying for 3 hours.
(?) Has he been
playing studying for 3 hours?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Continuous:
(+) I have been
in Cirebon.
(-) I have not
been in Cirebon.
(?) Have I been
in Cirebon?
5. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau) atau Simple Past Tense
(Waktu lampau sederhana)
Tenses yang
digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu
terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.
a)
Rumus
Verbal:
(+) S + V2 + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb
(ANA)
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA ?
b)
Rumus
Nominal:
(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Simple Past Tense:
(+) The Doctor
went to the hospital yesterday.
(-) The Doctor
did not go to the hospital yesterday.
(?) Did the
Doctor go to the hospital yesterday?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Simple Past Tense:
(+) He was a
teacher.
(-) He was not a
teacher.
(?) Was he a
teacher?
Ø
Note: Was : I, He, She, dan It.
Were : You, We, They.
6. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung lampau)
Untuk menyatakan
peristiwa yang sedang terjadi, tetapi bukan sedang terjadi sekarang, melainkan
sedang terjadi “dulu”, sudah lewat.
a)
Rumus
Verbal:
(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + V-ing + O
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + not + V-ing
+ O
(?) to be 2 (was/were) + S + V-ing + O
b)
Rumus
Nominal:
(+) S + to be 2 + Adj / Noun / Adverb
(ANA)
(-) S + to be 2 + not + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Past Continuous Tense:
(+) He was
confused in studying grammar yesterday in school.
(-) He was not
confused in studying grammar yesterday in school.
(?) Was he
confused in studying grammar yesterday in school?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Past Continuous Tense:
(+) She was
lazy.
(-) She was not
lazy.
(?) Was she
lazy?
7. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Untuk menunjukkan
peristiwa yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan terus berlangsung ataupun selesai
dimasa lampau berikutnya.
a)
Rumus
Verbal:
(+) S + had + V3
(-) S + had + not + V3
(?) Had + S + V3
b)
Rumus
Nominal:
(+) S + had + been + ANA
(-) S + had + not + been + ANA
(?) Had + S + been + ANA ?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Past Perfect Tense:
(+) She had
helped her mother after she played a game.
(-) She had not
helped her mother after she played a game.
(?) Had she
helped her mother after she played a game?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Past Perfect Tense:
(+) They had
been at Grage Mall since morning.
(-) They had not
been at Grage Mall since morning.
(?) Had they
been at Grage Mall since morning?
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung
sempurna lampau)
Untuk mengekspresikan
suatu kejadian yang sudah dimulai dan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau tapi
saat ini sudah tidak terjadi lagi.
a)
Rumus
Verbal
(+) S + had + been + V-ing
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing
b)
Rumus
Nominal
(+) S + Had + Been + Being + O+ ANA
(-) S + Had + Not + Been + Being + O +
ANA
(?) Had + S + Been + Being + O + ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) Isna had
been sleeping for 5 hours before Her father woke up.
(-) Isna had not
been sleeping for 5 hours before Her fathe woke up.
(?) Had she been
sleeping for 5 hours before her father woke up?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) I had been
being a modeling character since 2010.
(-) I had not
been being a modeling character since 2010.
(?) Had you been
being a modeling character since 2010?
9. Future Tense (Waktu yang Akan Datang) atau Simple
Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
Untuk menyatakan
perbuatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang.
a)
Rumus
Verbal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + V1 + O + ANA
b)
Rumus
Nominal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Be + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + be + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + O + ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Simple Future Tense:
(+) I will make
a cake tomorrow.
(-) I will not
make a cake tomorrow.
(?) Will you
make a cake tomorrow?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Simple Future Tense:
(+) Belinda will
be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.
(-) Belinda will
not be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.
(?) Will she be
a singer in my birthday party tomorrow?
10. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung akan
datang)
Bentuk waktu
yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung
atau akan sedang dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
a)
Rumus
Verbal :
(+) S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing +
O
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing + O?
b)
Rumus
Nominal :
(+) S + will/shall + be + being + O +
ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + be + being +
O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + being + O +
ANA?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Future Continuous Tense:
(+) I will be
studying grammar speaking at 08.00 am in UPI.
(-) I will not
be studying grammar speaking at 08.00 am in UPI.
(?) Will you be
studying grammar speaking at 08.00 am in UPI?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Future Continuous Tense:
(+) I will be
being a professional English teacher.
(-) I will not
be being a professional English teacher.
(?) Will you be
being a professional English teacher?
11. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu sempurna yang akan
datang)
Untuk menyatakan
suatu peristiwa yang akan telah terjadi atau akan telah selesai dilakukan
diwaktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
a)
Rumus
Verbal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + V3 + O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + V3 + O
+ ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + have + V3 + O + ANA
b)
Rumus
Nominal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O +
ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been +
O + ANA
(?) Will/shall + S + have + been + O +
ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Future Perfect Tense:
(+) We shall
have arrived in School at 10.00 o’clock.
(-) We shall not
have arrived in School at 10.00 o’clock.
(?) Shall we
have arrived in School at 10.00 o’clock.
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Future Perfect Tense:
(+) I will have
been at Grandma House by the end of the week.
(-) I will not
have been at Grandma House by the end of the week.
(?) Will you
have been at Grandma House by the end of the week?
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung
sempurna akan datang)
Untuk menyatakan
suatu peristiwa yang akan telah sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang
dimasa lampau.
a)
Rumus
Verbal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V-ing
+ O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been +
V-ing + O + ANA
Will/Shall + S + have + been + V-ing + O
+ ANA ?
b)
Rumus
Nominal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O +
ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been +
O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + O +
ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(+) She will
have been studying for a while when you come here.
(-) She will not
have been studying for a while when you come here.
(?) Will she
have been studying for a while when you come here?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(+) I will have
been a famous artist within twenty years ahead.
(-) I will not
have been a famous artist within twenty years ahead.
(?) Will I have
been a famous artist within twenty years ahead.
13. Past Future (Akan datang di waktu lampau) atau Simple
Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
Untuk menyatakan
suatu peristiwa yang terjadi atau dilakukan secara berulang-ulang atau sudah
menjadi kebiasaan di masa lampau, penggunaan kata “would” dalam kalimat biasanya
menunjukkan bahwa pembicara ingin sesuatu itu terjadi di masa depan, yang
mungkin atau tidak mungkin menjadi kenyataan.
a)
Rumus
Verbal :
(+) S + Would/Should + V1 + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + V1 + O +
ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + V1 + O + ANA
b)
Rumus
Nominal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + O +
ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Be + O + ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Simple Past Future Tense:
(+) They will go
home soon.
(-) They will
not go home soon.
(?) Would they go
home soon?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Simple Past Future Tense:
(+) we should be
there last month.
(-) we shouldn’t
be there last month.
(?) Sould we be
there last month?
14. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang
Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Untuk menyatakan
suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu
lampau.
a)
Rumus
Verbal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + V-ing + O +
ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + V-ing
+ O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Be + V-ing + O +
ANA
b)
Rumus
Nominal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + Being + O +
ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + Being
+ O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Be + Being + O +
ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Past Future Continuous Tense:
(+) My mother
would be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning.
(-) My mother
would not be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning.
(?) Would my
mother be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Past Future Continuous Tense:
(+) I should be
being a art director if I did work at Pixar studio.
(-) I should not
be being a art director if I did work at Pixar studio.
(?) should you
be being a art director if I did work at Pixar studio?
15. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu akan sudah selesai
di masa lampau)
Untuk menyatakan
suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu lampau atau
menyatakan pengandaian yang tidak
mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya sudah pasti tidak akan terpenuhi.
a)
Rumus
Verbal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + V3 + O +
ANA
(-) S + Would/Should+ Not + Have + V3 +
O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + V3 + O +
ANA
b)
Rumus
Nominal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + O +
ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been
+ O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + O +
ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Past Future Perfect Tense:
(+) She would
have come here if she had called him.
(-) She wouldn’t
have come here if she had not called him.
(?) would she
have come here if she had called him ?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Past Future Tense:
(+) I should have
been at Studio if they had invited me.
(-) I should not
have been at Studio if they had not invited me.
(?) should you
have been at Studio there if they had invited me ?
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu yang
sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau)
Untuk menyatakan
suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung.
a)
Rumus
Verbal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been +
V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been
+ V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + V-ing
+ O + ANA
b)
Rumus
Nominal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been +
Being + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been
+ Being + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been +
Being + O + ANA
·
Contoh
Kalimat Verbal Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) My boyfriend
would have been giving flower at this hour yesterday morning.
(-) My boyfriend
would not have been giving flower at this hour yesterday morning.
(?) Would your
boyfriend have been giving flower at this hour yesterday morning?
·
Contoh
Kalimat Nominal Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) I should
have been being an art director by studying animation.
(-) I should’nt
have been being art director by studying animation.
(?) Should you
have been being art director by studying animation?
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